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Glossary

Executive Function

The brain's management system, planning, organising, starting tasks, controlling impulses, remembering steps.

Executive function is an umbrella term for the mental skills that let a person plan, organise, start and finish tasks, manage time, control impulses, shift flexibly between activities, and hold information in working memory. Weaknesses in executive function are a core feature of ADHD but also appear after stroke, brain injury, and in many children with autism. A child with executive function weaknesses may be bright and verbal but unable to start homework, lose their pencil case three times a week, or forget what they were doing mid-task. OTs address executive function through environmental structure (visual schedules, checklists), task-breakdown strategies, and tools like timers and organisers.